Tribes of Periyar Tiger Reserve
The Periyar Tiger Reserve is not only a sanctuary for wildlife but also a vibrant cultural landscape that is home to six indigenous tribal communities. These tribes have coexisted with nature for centuries, developing rich traditions, sustainable lifestyles, and deep ecological knowledge that contribute to the conservation of the Reserve.
🏞️ Major Tribes in Periyar
Mannan
Traditionally forest dwellers, the Mannans are the only tribal community in Kerala with a kingdom system, led by a tribal king or Koil Raja.
They live primarily in Kumily and adjoining areas.
Their livelihoods include fishing, farming, collecting forest produce, and performing traditional rituals.
Paliyan
Known as skilled hunters and gatherers, the Paliyans have adapted to settled life over time.
They have deep knowledge of forest herbs, honey collection, and medicinal plants.
Malayan
One of the oldest tribes in Kerala, mainly engaged in agriculture and manual labor.
Their settlements are often located near forest fringes and buffer zones.
Uralis
The Uralis are skilled farmers and healers, with deep knowledge of Ayurvedic and traditional medicine.
They maintain a strong connection to sacred groves and nature-based rituals.
Malampandaram
A semi-nomadic tribe, they live in temporary shelters and are experts in forest tracking, honey collection, and bamboo craft.
They speak a dialect distinct from mainstream Malayalam.
Malayarayan
Found mostly in the higher ranges near Peerumedu and Idukki, this tribe practices slash-and-burn agriculture and maintains strong cultural ties to nature.
🧑🏽🌾 Tribal Involvement in Conservation
The Forest Department actively involves tribal communities in eco-tourism programs, protection duties, and environmental awareness initiatives, including:
Eco-development Committees (EDCs)
Tribal guides for nature walks and safaris
Traditional performances and handicraft exhibitions
This participatory approach not only empowers the communities but also fosters a mutual relationship between conservation and culture.
